Pressure vessels and boilers bear extremely high risks to life and property, with industry standards at a “zero-tolerance” level. The core pain points are as follows: 100-percent qualification rate for X-ray inspection must be guaranteed; hydrogen-induced delayed cracks tend to occur easily during multi-layer and multi-pass welding of thick plates; for thin-plate liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders, brittle cracking is highly likely to take place in hydrostatic burst tests if mismatched-strength welding consumables are adopted.
